What are the critical factors that favor plant diseases?

The correct answer highlights the importance of environmental conditions that favor the development of plant diseases. Low soil temperatures combined with high soil moisture create an environment where pathogens are more likely to survive and proliferate. Many diseases, especially fungal infections, thrive in wet conditions, and cooler temperatures can stress plants, making them more vulnerable to infections.

High soil moisture provides the necessary water that many pathogens, including fungi and bacteria, need to spread and infect plant tissues. When plants are exposed to these conditions, the likelihood of disease outbreaks increases significantly. In contrast, high soil temperatures often lead to increased evaporation, potentially reducing soil moisture levels and making conditions less favorable for many diseases.

This understanding emphasizes the significance of monitoring both temperature and moisture levels in agricultural practices to prevent and manage plant diseases effectively. It helps in implementing appropriate cultural controls, such as irrigation management and crop selection, to mitigate disease risk in various crops.