What is the best control measure for root rots and damping-off?

Fungicide seed and soil treatments represent the best control measure for root rots and damping-off because these diseases are often caused by various soil-borne fungi and pathogens that can attack seeds and seedlings at multiple stages of growth. By applying fungicides to both the seeds and the soil, you create a protective barrier that helps prevent the fungi from infecting the seeds as they germinate and providing early growth protection in the soil.

Treating seeds with fungicides alone may provide some level of protection during germination, but if the soil is infested with pathogens, seedlings are still at risk after seedling emergence. Similarly, while soil treatments can help reduce pathogen populations, they don't specifically target the seeds. Therefore, a combined approach that addresses potential pathogen exposure in both the soil and the seed gives the most comprehensive protection against diseases like root rots and damping-off.

Other options, such as foliar sprays, typically target above-ground symptoms and will not effectively manage soil-borne diseases as they do not reach the roots where these pathogens are active. Thus, the combination of treating both seed and soil significantly enhances the chances of successful plant establishment and growth in affected areas.